TINJAUAN FUNGSI DAN PEMANFAATAN PLTA PUMPED STORAGE DALAM SISTEM TENAGA LISTRIK
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Institusion
Institut Teknologi Perusahaan Listrik Negara
Author
Destarella, Essy
Yasser, Ridha
Yasser, Ridha
Subject
Teknik Elektro
Datestamp
2019-12-05 12:44:06
Abstract :
The advancement of renewable energy technology has also led to an increase in the competitiveness of supporting technologies to become more competitive with conventional fossil fuel-based power plants. One of them is energy storage in the form of Pumped Hydro Storage (PHS). PHS system consists of two reservoirs with different heights; the energy storage function (charging) is done by pumping water into the upper reservoir; while generating energy (discharging) is done by releasing water into the lower reservoir as in hydropower units in general. As a hydropower generation, PHS is useful in providing quick response in stabilizing abrupt change in the power system (load following, hot spinning reserves, intermittent output from solar PV and wind farms, etc). While as energy storage, a PHS is usefule in getting the benefits of having different values of electricity during peak and off-peak hours. In the context of developing large scale renewable energy systems in Indonesia, the National Energy Board (i.e., DEN) has set a target of 23% renewable power generating units within the national energy mix of 2025. In line with this target, PT PLN (Persero) has also built a 4 × 260 MW of PHS units in Upper Cisokan, West Bandung Regency, which is to be the first in Indonesia. The PHS development is intended to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the Java-Bali interconnection system. The PHS will be charging in low load periods where the electricity generated is of lower economic value than during peak loads. Then discharging is done at peak load hours where the electricity generated is at its highest economic value. This scheme is intended to lower the generating cost of electricity through allowing all fossil-based generating units to maintain their operation at their most efficient fuel consumption level, while renewable (non-fossil)-based generating units follows load variations and balancing other system parameters. This research is intended to simulate the PHS operation scheme as above by assuming capacity of 2x260 MW PHS unit that is connected to a simple interconnection system consists of a coal unit (PLTU), natural gas combined-cycle unit (PLTGU) and Hydro unit (PLTA). This simulation lowers system generation cost (BPP) by 57.75 Rp./kWh or 11%, while producing a profit of 1000.76 Rp./kWh for the assumed 75 years of the PHS life. In terms of balancing out solar PV (PLTS) and/or wind (PLTB) units intermittent outputs, PHS?s relatively high ramp rate capability of 50% /minute is concluded sufficient to offset the fluctuation.
The advancement of renewable energy technology has also led to an increase in the competitiveness of supporting technologies to become more competitive with conventional fossil fuel-based power plants. One of them is energy storage in the form of Pumped Hydro Storage (PHS). PHS system consists of two reservoirs with different heights; the energy storage function (charging) is done by pumping water into the upper reservoir; while generating energy (discharging) is done by releasing water into the lower reservoir as in hydropower units in general. As a hydropower generation, PHS is useful in providing quick response in stabilizing abrupt change in the power system (load following, hot spinning reserves, intermittent output from solar PV and wind farms, etc). While as energy storage, a PHS is usefule in getting the benefits of having different values of electricity during peak and off-peak hours. In the context of developing large scale renewable energy systems in Indonesia, the National Energy Board (i.e., DEN) has set a target of 23% renewable power generating units within the national energy mix of 2025. In line with this target, PT PLN (Persero) has also built a 4 × 260 MW of PHS units in Upper Cisokan, West Bandung Regency, which is to be the first in Indonesia. The PHS development is intended to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the Java-Bali interconnection system. The PHS will be charging in low load periods where the electricity generated is of lower economic value than during peak loads. Then discharging is done at peak load hours where the electricity generated is at its highest economic value. This scheme is intended to lower the generating cost of electricity through allowing all fossil-based generating units to maintain their operation at their most efficient fuel consumption level, while renewable (non-fossil)-based generating units follows load variations and balancing other system parameters. This research is intended to simulate the PHS operation scheme as above by assuming capacity of 2x260 MW PHS unit that is connected to a simple interconnection system consists of a coal unit (PLTU), natural gas combined-cycle unit (PLTGU) and Hydro unit (PLTA). This simulation lowers system generation cost (BPP) by 57.75 Rp./kWh or 11%, while producing a profit of 1000.76 Rp./kWh for the assumed 75 years of the PHS life. In terms of balancing out solar PV (PLTS) and/or wind (PLTB) units intermittent outputs, PHS?s relatively high ramp rate capability of 50% /minute is concluded sufficient to offset the fluctuation.
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