Abstract :
In 2011, the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) data showed Indonesia's
rice imports from a number of countries reached 2.75 million tons with a value of
US $ 1.5 billion or 5% of the total domestic demand (Ministry of Industry, 2018).
Based on these data, other alternative crops are needed to meet food needs in
Indonesia. One alternative food crop to meet food needs in Indonesia is sorghum.
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is one of the versatile cereal plants that
are widely used as a substitute for staple foods. One of the problems faced in the
development of sorghum plants is the limited variety of sorghum to be developed
further. So it is necessary to do a plant breeding program. This study aims to
obtain information on the value of variety and the estimated value of the
heritability of nine genotypes of sorghum plants from several regions in East Java.
The materials used in this study included 9 genotypes of sorghum seeds
(Pasuruan, Lamongan 1, Lamongan 2, Tuban, Sampang 1, Sampang 2,
Tulungagung 1, Tulungagung 2, and Jombang) originating from several regions in
East Java, compost, soil , manure, and basic fertilizer (SP36, Urea, KCl). While
the tools used are agricultural tools, engraving, seed tray, Munsell Plant Tissue
Color Book, analytical scales, rulers, and stationery. The design used in this study
was a Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisting of 9 genotypes and 3
replications, so that there were 27 experimental units. The variables observed
were plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, number of tillers, panicle
length, flowering age, harvest age, seed dry weight per panicle, number of seeds
per panicle, fresh weight of 1000 seeds, and dry weight of 1000 seeds. Data
obtained from the research results were analyzed using ANOVA (analysis of
variant) followed by correlation analysis and cross-print analysis. The analysis
uses the Microsoft Excel 2007 and SPSS version 16 programs.
Based on the results of the analysis it was obtained information that nine
genotypes of local sorghum plants had a variety of phenotype and genotype values
that varied from narrow to wide. Plant height variables and number of tillers have
a narrow value of genotype diversity. While the estimated heritability of the nine
genotypes of local sorghum plants showed a high value except for plant height
variables.