Metode perlakuan bahan Pogostemon cablin Benth dengan pengeringan secara mekanis pada unit penyulingan minyak nilam
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Institusion
Universitas Gadjah Mada
Author
Subject
S2 Teknik Mesin (Magister Sistem Teknik)
Datestamp
2019-07-16 00:00:00
Abstract :
(ABSTRAKSI) Minyak nilam (Patchouli oil) diperoleh dari hasil penyulingan tanaman nilam (Pogostemon sp), dan banyak dibutuhkan untuk industri kosmetik dan minyak wangi. Meski nilai jualnya cukup tinggi di pasaran dunia, namun minyak nilam dari Indonesia kualitasnya dianggap masih kurang baik. Kualitas minyak nilam sangat ditentukan oleh kondisi bahan baku, perlakuan bahan dan proses penyulingan. Metode perlakuan bahan yang mutlak dilakukan terhadap nilam adalah pengeringan, karena penyulingan daun nilam kering akan memberikan rendemen dan kualitas minyak nilam yang lebih baik dibandingkan penyulingan daun nilam segar. Cara pengeringan yang banyak dilakukan oleh para petani nilam selama ini adalah dengan penjemuran, namun cara ini memiliki kendala pada saat datangnya musim penghujan. Penelitian ini mencoba mengatasi hal tersebut dengan melakukan pengeringan daun nilam secara mekanis, karena cara ini juga telah banyak digunakan untuk komoditas hasil pertanian yang lain. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk melihat pengaruh pengeringan mekanis terhadap kondisi daun nilam, menentukan kondisi optimum dari waktu dan suhu pengeringan berdasarkan rendemen minyak nilam, mengetahui kadar air daun nilam kering dan kadar patchouli alcohol (PA) minyak nilam pada kondisi pengeringan optimum. Analisis dilakukan terhadap kadar air daun nilam sebelum dan sesudah pengeringan, pada rendemen minyak nilam yang dihasilkan, optimasi waktu dan suhu pengeringan dengan Response Surface Methodology (RSM) dan analisis kadar PA dengan Gas Chromatography. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rendemen minyak nilam yang dihasilkan akan meningkat pada waktu lebih lama dan suhu lebih tinggi sampai kondisi tertentu untuk kemudian menurun. Kondisi optimum dengan analisis RSM diperoleh pada lama pengeringan 5,15 jam dengan suhu pengeringan 63,79â pada laju aliran udara rata-rata 2,4 m/detik dan kelembaban udara luar sekitar 80%, sedangkan daerah optimum berdasarkan grafik kontur terdapat pada lama pengeringan antara 4,5 sampai 6 jam dengan suhu antara 55 sampai 74 â. Pada kondisi pengeringan optimum ini, rendemen minyak nilam yang diperoleh sebesar 3,24 % dengan kadar air daun nilam kering 19,08 % dan PA sebesar 33 %. Rendemen dan kadar PA yang diperoleh ini telah cukup memenuhi standar kualitas minyak nilam dalam perdagangan. (ABSTRACT) Patchouli oil is found from the result of the patchouli plant (Pogostemon sp) distillation. It is much needed for cosmetic and perfume industries. Although it has high selling price among the world market, but the quality of the Indonesian patchouli oil is considered to be worse enough. Its quality is much determined by the condition of the raw material, the material treatment, and the distillation process. The material treatment method being absolutely applied to the patchouli is the drying, because the distillation of the dry patchouli leaves will give yield of patchouli oil with better quality, compared with the distillation of the fresh patchouli leaves. The way of the drying, which is much applied by the patchouli farmers all this time, is by sunbathing. However, it will raise problems when the rainy season comes. This research is trying to overcome this problem by performing the patchouli leaves drying mechanically, because this method has been much applied for the commodities of the other farming products. The object of this research is as follows : to observe the effect of the mechanical drying towards the condition of the patchouli leaves; to determine the optimum condition of time and temperature of the drying based on the yield of the patchouli oil; to find out the degree of water of the dry patchouli oil and the degree of the patchouli alcohol (PA) of the patchouli oil at the optimum drying condition. The analysis is given to the degree of water of the patchouli leaves before and after the drying, at the patchouli oil yield produced, the optimum time and temperature of the drying with the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and the analysis of the patchouli alcohol (PA) degree with the Gas Chromatography. The result of this research indicates that the patchouli oil yield produced will grow at the longer time and the higher temperature up to the certain condition and then it will fall off. The optimum condition with the RSM analysis is found at 5.15 hour length of drying with 63.79°C drying temperature at 2.4 m/second air current rate on the average and about 80% outer air humidity. Meanwhile the optimum area based on the contour graph is at about 4.5 to 6 hour length of drying with about 55° to 74°C temperature. At the optimum drying condition like this, the patchouli oil yield is 3.24% with 19.08% dry patchouli leaves degree of water and 33% PA. The yield and the PA degree acquired have sufficiently fulfilled the quality standard of the patchouli oil in the commerce world.
(ABSTRAKSI) Minyak nilam (Patchouli oil) diperoleh dari hasil penyulingan tanaman nilam (Pogostemon sp), dan banyak dibutuhkan untuk industri kosmetik dan minyak wangi. Meski nilai jualnya cukup tinggi di pasaran dunia, namun minyak nilam dari Indonesia kualitasnya dianggap masih kurang baik. Kualitas minyak nilam sangat ditentukan oleh kondisi bahan baku, perlakuan bahan dan proses penyulingan. Metode perlakuan bahan yang mutlak dilakukan terhadap nilam adalah pengeringan, karena penyulingan daun nilam kering akan memberikan rendemen dan kualitas minyak nilam yang lebih baik dibandingkan penyulingan daun nilam segar. Cara pengeringan yang banyak dilakukan oleh para petani nilam selama ini adalah dengan penjemuran, namun cara ini memiliki kendala pada saat datangnya musim penghujan. Penelitian ini mencoba mengatasi hal tersebut dengan melakukan pengeringan daun nilam secara mekanis, karena cara ini juga telah banyak digunakan untuk komoditas hasil pertanian yang lain. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk melihat pengaruh pengeringan mekanis terhadap kondisi daun nilam, menentukan kondisi optimum dari waktu dan suhu pengeringan berdasarkan rendemen minyak nilam, mengetahui kadar air daun nilam kering dan kadar patchouli alcohol (PA) minyak nilam pada kondisi pengeringan optimum. Analisis dilakukan terhadap kadar air daun nilam sebelum dan sesudah pengeringan, pada rendemen minyak nilam yang dihasilkan, optimasi waktu dan suhu pengeringan dengan Response Surface Methodology (RSM) dan analisis kadar PA dengan Gas Chromatography. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rendemen minyak nilam yang dihasilkan akan meningkat pada waktu lebih lama dan suhu lebih tinggi sampai kondisi tertentu untuk kemudian menurun. Kondisi optimum dengan analisis RSM diperoleh pada lama pengeringan 5,15 jam dengan suhu pengeringan 63,79â pada laju aliran udara rata-rata 2,4 m/detik dan kelembaban udara luar sekitar 80%, sedangkan daerah optimum berdasarkan grafik kontur terdapat pada lama pengeringan antara 4,5 sampai 6 jam dengan suhu antara 55 sampai 74 â. Pada kondisi pengeringan optimum ini, rendemen minyak nilam yang diperoleh sebesar 3,24 % dengan kadar air daun nilam kering 19,08 % dan PA sebesar 33 %. Rendemen dan kadar PA yang diperoleh ini telah cukup memenuhi standar kualitas minyak nilam dalam perdagangan. (ABSTRACT) Patchouli oil is found from the result of the patchouli plant (Pogostemon sp) distillation. It is much needed for cosmetic and perfume industries. Although it has high selling price among the world market, but the quality of the Indonesian patchouli oil is considered to be worse enough. Its quality is much determined by the condition of the raw material, the material treatment, and the distillation process. The material treatment method being absolutely applied to the patchouli is the drying, because the distillation of the dry patchouli leaves will give yield of patchouli oil with better quality, compared with the distillation of the fresh patchouli leaves. The way of the drying, which is much applied by the patchouli farmers all this time, is by sunbathing. However, it will raise problems when the rainy season comes. This research is trying to overcome this problem by performing the patchouli leaves drying mechanically, because this method has been much applied for the commodities of the other farming products. The object of this research is as follows : to observe the effect of the mechanical drying towards the condition of the patchouli leaves; to determine the optimum condition of time and temperature of the drying based on the yield of the patchouli oil; to find out the degree of water of the dry patchouli oil and the degree of the patchouli alcohol (PA) of the patchouli oil at the optimum drying condition. The analysis is given to the degree of water of the patchouli leaves before and after the drying, at the patchouli oil yield produced, the optimum time and temperature of the drying with the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and the analysis of the patchouli alcohol (PA) degree with the Gas Chromatography. The result of this research indicates that the patchouli oil yield produced will grow at the longer time and the higher temperature up to the certain condition and then it will fall off. The optimum condition with the RSM analysis is found at 5.15 hour length of drying with 63.79°C drying temperature at 2.4 m/second air current rate on the average and about 80% outer air humidity. Meanwhile the optimum area based on the contour graph is at about 4.5 to 6 hour length of drying with about 55° to 74°C temperature. At the optimum drying condition like this, the patchouli oil yield is 3.24% with 19.08% dry patchouli leaves degree of water and 33% PA. The yield and the PA degree acquired have sufficiently fulfilled the quality standard of the patchouli oil in the commerce world.
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