PENDUGAAN NILAI DAYA GABUNG DAN HETEROSIS LIMA GALUR MENTIMUN (Cucumis sativus L.)
HASIL PERSILANGAN DIALEL
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Institusion
Universitas Gadjah Mada
Author
Subject
S2 Ilmu Pemuliaan Tanaman
Datestamp
2019-07-16 00:00:00
Abstract :
(ABSTRAKSI) Peningkatan produktifitas mentimun dapat dilakukan melalui pembentukan varietas hibrida. Untuk mendapatkan hibrida unggul, pendugaan daya gabung umum (DGU) tetua, daya gabung khusus (DGK) dan heterosis kombinasi persilangan sangat diperlukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menduga nilai daya gabung dan heterosis lima galur mentimun. Penelitian menggunakan lima galur mentimun yang disilangkan berdasarkan rancangan dialel metode 2 model 1 menurut Griffing. Evaluasi F1 dan tetuanya dilakukan di dua lokasi mengunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap dengan tiga ulangan. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap umur bunga betina pertama mekar, umur panen pertama, tinggi tanaman, jumlah ruas, jumlah cabang, jumlah buah per tanaman, berat buah per tanaman, berat per buah, panjang buah dan diameter buah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan DGU dan DGK sangat berbeda nyata untuk semua karakter pengamatan. Interaksi DGUÃlokasi sangat nyata untuk karakter umur bunga betina pertama mekar, panjang buah dan diameter buah, nyata pada karakter berat per buah dan tidak nyata untuk karakter umur panen pertama, tinggi tanaman, jumlah ruas, jumlah cabang, jumlah buah dan berat buah per tanaman. Interaksi DGKÃlokasi sangat nyata untuk karakter umur bunga betina pertama mekar, tinggi tanaman, jumlah ruas dan diameter buah, tidak nyata untuk karakter umur panen pertama, jumlah cabang, jumlah buah, berat buah per tanaman, berat per buah dan panjang buah. Galur P1 memiliki nilai daya gabung umum terbaik untuk karakter tinggi tanaman, jumlah cabang, berat buah per tanaman, berat per buah dan panjang buah. Galur P3 memiliki nilai daya gabung umum terbaik untuk karakter umur bunga betina pertama mekar, umur panen pertama, jumlah ruas, jumlah buah per tanaman dan diameter buah. Kombinasi persilangan yang berumur genjah dengan nilai DGK, heterosis dan heterobeltiosis terbaik dihasilkan oleh persilangan P2ÃP5. Kombinasi persilangan yang memiliki produksi tinggi dengan nilai heterosis serta heterobeltiosis terbaik dan nilai DGK tinggi dihasilkan oleh persilangan P1ÃP2, P1ÃP5, P2ÃP5 dan P3ÃP4. Persilangan P1ÃP2, P1ÃP5, P2ÃP5 dan P3ÃP4 merupakan calon hibrida unggul untuk pengujian selanjutnya. (ABSTRACT) Increasing of cucumber productivity could be done through the establishment hybrid varieties. In order to get superior hybrids, estimation of general combining ability (GCA) among the parents, specific combining ability (SCA) and heterosis values of their crossing are necessary. The aimed of this research is to estimate combining ability and heterosis values of five cucumber lines. Five parental lines of cucumber were crossed each other based on diallel design method 2 model 1 according to Griffing. The evaluation of F1 and their parents are conducted at two locations arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Observations were made of days to first female flowers to blossom, days to first harvest, plant height, number of nodes, number of branches, number of fruits per plant, fruit weight per plant, weight per fruit, fruit length and fruit diameter. The results showed that GCA and SCA were significantly different for all character observed. Interactions of GCAÃlocation are highly significant for the character days of first female flower blossom, fruit length and fruit diameter, significant for character of weight per fruit and not significant to the days of the first harvest, plant height, number of nodes, number of branches, number of fruits per plant and fruit weight per plant. Interaction of SCAÃlocation was highly significant for character days of the first female flowers blossom, plant height, number of nodes and fruit diameter, not significant for character the first harvest, number of branches, number of fruits per plant, fruit weight per plant, weight per fruit and fruit length. P1 line had the best value of general combining ability for plant height, number of branches, weight of fruit per plant, weight per fruit and fruit length. P3 line had the best value of general combining ability for the character of days to first female flower blossom, days to first harvest, number of nodes, number of fruits per plant and fruit diameter. Early maturing cross combinations with a best value of SCA, heterosis and heterobeltiosis produced by a crossing of P2ÃP5. Cross combinations which have high production, the best values of heterosis and heterobeltiosis and high value of SCA produced by crossing of P1ÃP2, P1ÃP5, P2ÃP5 and P3ÃP4. Crossing P1ÃP2, P1ÃP5, P2ÃP5 and P3ÃP4 resulted a superior hybrid candidate for further testing.
(ABSTRAKSI) Peningkatan produktifitas mentimun dapat dilakukan melalui pembentukan varietas hibrida. Untuk mendapatkan hibrida unggul, pendugaan daya gabung umum (DGU) tetua, daya gabung khusus (DGK) dan heterosis kombinasi persilangan sangat diperlukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menduga nilai daya gabung dan heterosis lima galur mentimun. Penelitian menggunakan lima galur mentimun yang disilangkan berdasarkan rancangan dialel metode 2 model 1 menurut Griffing. Evaluasi F1 dan tetuanya dilakukan di dua lokasi mengunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap dengan tiga ulangan. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap umur bunga betina pertama mekar, umur panen pertama, tinggi tanaman, jumlah ruas, jumlah cabang, jumlah buah per tanaman, berat buah per tanaman, berat per buah, panjang buah dan diameter buah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan DGU dan DGK sangat berbeda nyata untuk semua karakter pengamatan. Interaksi DGUÃlokasi sangat nyata untuk karakter umur bunga betina pertama mekar, panjang buah dan diameter buah, nyata pada karakter berat per buah dan tidak nyata untuk karakter umur panen pertama, tinggi tanaman, jumlah ruas, jumlah cabang, jumlah buah dan berat buah per tanaman. Interaksi DGKÃlokasi sangat nyata untuk karakter umur bunga betina pertama mekar, tinggi tanaman, jumlah ruas dan diameter buah, tidak nyata untuk karakter umur panen pertama, jumlah cabang, jumlah buah, berat buah per tanaman, berat per buah dan panjang buah. Galur P1 memiliki nilai daya gabung umum terbaik untuk karakter tinggi tanaman, jumlah cabang, berat buah per tanaman, berat per buah dan panjang buah. Galur P3 memiliki nilai daya gabung umum terbaik untuk karakter umur bunga betina pertama mekar, umur panen pertama, jumlah ruas, jumlah buah per tanaman dan diameter buah. Kombinasi persilangan yang berumur genjah dengan nilai DGK, heterosis dan heterobeltiosis terbaik dihasilkan oleh persilangan P2ÃP5. Kombinasi persilangan yang memiliki produksi tinggi dengan nilai heterosis serta heterobeltiosis terbaik dan nilai DGK tinggi dihasilkan oleh persilangan P1ÃP2, P1ÃP5, P2ÃP5 dan P3ÃP4. Persilangan P1ÃP2, P1ÃP5, P2ÃP5 dan P3ÃP4 merupakan calon hibrida unggul untuk pengujian selanjutnya. (ABSTRACT) Increasing of cucumber productivity could be done through the establishment hybrid varieties. In order to get superior hybrids, estimation of general combining ability (GCA) among the parents, specific combining ability (SCA) and heterosis values of their crossing are necessary. The aimed of this research is to estimate combining ability and heterosis values of five cucumber lines. Five parental lines of cucumber were crossed each other based on diallel design method 2 model 1 according to Griffing. The evaluation of F1 and their parents are conducted at two locations arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Observations were made of days to first female flowers to blossom, days to first harvest, plant height, number of nodes, number of branches, number of fruits per plant, fruit weight per plant, weight per fruit, fruit length and fruit diameter. The results showed that GCA and SCA were significantly different for all character observed. Interactions of GCAÃlocation are highly significant for the character days of first female flower blossom, fruit length and fruit diameter, significant for character of weight per fruit and not significant to the days of the first harvest, plant height, number of nodes, number of branches, number of fruits per plant and fruit weight per plant. Interaction of SCAÃlocation was highly significant for character days of the first female flowers blossom, plant height, number of nodes and fruit diameter, not significant for character the first harvest, number of branches, number of fruits per plant, fruit weight per plant, weight per fruit and fruit length. P1 line had the best value of general combining ability for plant height, number of branches, weight of fruit per plant, weight per fruit and fruit length. P3 line had the best value of general combining ability for the character of days to first female flower blossom, days to first harvest, number of nodes, number of fruits per plant and fruit diameter. Early maturing cross combinations with a best value of SCA, heterosis and heterobeltiosis produced by a crossing of P2ÃP5. Cross combinations which have high production, the best values of heterosis and heterobeltiosis and high value of SCA produced by crossing of P1ÃP2, P1ÃP5, P2ÃP5 and P3ÃP4. Crossing P1ÃP2, P1ÃP5, P2ÃP5 and P3ÃP4 resulted a superior hybrid candidate for further testing.
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