Pengaruh Aksi Kolektif Pengentasan Kemiskinan Terhadap Lahirnya Kebijakan Zero Hunger Programmes di Brazil
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Institusion
Universitas Gadjah Mada
Author
Subject
Ilmu Hubungan Internasional
Datestamp
2019-07-16 00:00:00
Abstract :
(ABSTRAKSI) - (ABSTRACT) This paper contributes to the growing body of research on collective action and the literature on democracy and welfare, by exploring the impact of society collective struggles on unfolding the conflict between the poor and the state that lead to policy making. In 1990s until 2003, a new wide range and a broad array of collective actions experiments were initiated in Brazil, under the name of The Citizensâ Action against Hunger and Poverty and for Life (TCA). This network of social movements with middle-progressive and low class society as its main supporters, has played a significant role to the birth of Brazilâs poverty alleviation policies, most notably, Zero Hunger Programmes that created in 2003. Building on social theory of collective action, we show that TCA has clear effect on the implementation of Zero Hunger Programmes: (i) they invokes solidarity on fight against hunger and poverty; (ii) they carry or engaged in a conflict of food security and agrarian reform against state-agrarian elites; (iii) they are able to breach the political economy constraints in order to achieve radical change in social policy making. These three analytical categories of TCAâs actions, has led the government of Brazil from President Itamar Franco, Fernando Cardoso, to Lula da Silva, to initiate a new model of poverty reduction programs that involve citizen participation and decentralize decision making mechanisms.
(ABSTRAKSI) - (ABSTRACT) This paper contributes to the growing body of research on collective action and the literature on democracy and welfare, by exploring the impact of society collective struggles on unfolding the conflict between the poor and the state that lead to policy making. In 1990s until 2003, a new wide range and a broad array of collective actions experiments were initiated in Brazil, under the name of The Citizensâ Action against Hunger and Poverty and for Life (TCA). This network of social movements with middle-progressive and low class society as its main supporters, has played a significant role to the birth of Brazilâs poverty alleviation policies, most notably, Zero Hunger Programmes that created in 2003. Building on social theory of collective action, we show that TCA has clear effect on the implementation of Zero Hunger Programmes: (i) they invokes solidarity on fight against hunger and poverty; (ii) they carry or engaged in a conflict of food security and agrarian reform against state-agrarian elites; (iii) they are able to breach the political economy constraints in order to achieve radical change in social policy making. These three analytical categories of TCAâs actions, has led the government of Brazil from President Itamar Franco, Fernando Cardoso, to Lula da Silva, to initiate a new model of poverty reduction programs that involve citizen participation and decentralize decision making mechanisms.
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