Pertumbuhan, Hasil dan Kadar Antosianin Tanaman Padi (Oryza sativa L. `Cempo Ireng`) Dengan Perlakuan Pupuk Organik Cair dan Asam Salisilat
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Institusion
Universitas Gadjah Mada
Author
Subject
S2 Biologi
Datestamp
2019-07-16 00:00:00
Abstract :
(ABSTRAKSI) Padi Hitam (Oryza sativa L. 'Cempo Ireng') merupakan salah satu sumber daya genetik lokal Yogyakarta. Jenis pada ini sangat potensial untuk dikembangkan karena kandungan gizi tinggi dengan kadar kalori lebih rendah dari jenis beras lain serta kaya akan antosianin. Rendahnya produktivitas dan masa panen yang lama menyebabkan padi ini masih kurang diminati untuk dibudidayakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pupuk organik cair (POC) dan asam salisilat terhadap pertumbuhan, hasil dan kadar antosianin tanaman padi hitam. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK), pola faktorial. Faktor pertama adalah POC (0; 0,6; 1,2 dan1,8 ml/L). Faktor kedua adalah asam salisilat (0; 0,25; 0,5 dan 1 mM), masingmasing kombinasi dengan 5 ulangan. Parameter pertumbuhan diukur sebelum perlakuan dan saat tanaman mencapai fase vegetatif maksimal, sedangkan berat segar dan biomassa diukur setelah panen (umur 5 bulan). Kadar klorofil, pati dan amilosa diukur menggunakan spektrofotometer dan kadar antosianin diukur menggunakan High Performace Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Parameter hasil dan komponen hasil diukur setelah panen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pupuk organik cair (POC) atau asam salisilat dan kombinasi kedua perlakuan dapat meningkatkan jumlah daun, jumlah anakan, berat segar tajuk, biomassa, kadar pati dan kadar antosianin tanaman padi hitam. Perlakuan POC 1,2 ml/L atau 1,8 ml/L dapat meningkatkan berat segar akar, namun perlakuan asam salisilat tidak mempengaruhi berat segar akar. Pupuk organik cair (POC) atau kombinasi POC dan asam salisilat meningkatkan total gabah dan persentase gabah isi, sedangkan panjang malai dan berat 100 gabah isi tidak dipengaruhi oleh perlakuan POC dan atau asam salisilat (ABSTRACT) Black rice ('Cempo Ireng') is one of local genetic resources in Yogyakarta. This type of rice is very potential to be developed because it has high nutrient content with lower calorie than other types of rice and it posseses high anthocyanin. Low productivity and long harvest period causing the black rice is still less attractive for cultivation. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of liquid organic fertilizer and salicylic acid on growth, yield and anthocyanin content of black rice plant (Oryza sativa L. 'Cempo Ireng'). This study was conducted using a factorial randomized block design (RBD). The first factor was a liquid organic fertilizer (POC) (0; 0.6; 1.2 or 1.8 ml/L). The second factor was salicylic acid (0; 0.25; 0.5 or 1 mM), 5 replicated were made for each treatment combination. Growth parameters were measured before treatment and when the plant reaches maximum vegetative phase, while the fresh weight, biomass, yield and yield component were measured at harvest time (5 months). Chlorophyll content, starch and amylose were determined using a spectrophotometer and anthocyanin levels were determined using a High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that the liquid organic fertilizer (POC) or salicylic acid and combination of both treatments increased the number of leaves, number of tillers, canopy fresh weight, biomass, starch, and antocyanin content of black rice plants. Liquid organic fertilizer (POC) treatment of 1.2 ml / L and 1.8 ml / L can increase fresh weight of root, but the salicylic acid treatment did not show any significant difference. Liquid organic fertilizer (POC) or a combination of POC and salicylic acid also increased total grain and percentage of filled grain, while panicle length and weight of 100 grains contents were not affected neither by POC nor salicyclic acid treatment.
(ABSTRAKSI) Padi Hitam (Oryza sativa L. 'Cempo Ireng') merupakan salah satu sumber daya genetik lokal Yogyakarta. Jenis pada ini sangat potensial untuk dikembangkan karena kandungan gizi tinggi dengan kadar kalori lebih rendah dari jenis beras lain serta kaya akan antosianin. Rendahnya produktivitas dan masa panen yang lama menyebabkan padi ini masih kurang diminati untuk dibudidayakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pupuk organik cair (POC) dan asam salisilat terhadap pertumbuhan, hasil dan kadar antosianin tanaman padi hitam. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK), pola faktorial. Faktor pertama adalah POC (0; 0,6; 1,2 dan1,8 ml/L). Faktor kedua adalah asam salisilat (0; 0,25; 0,5 dan 1 mM), masingmasing kombinasi dengan 5 ulangan. Parameter pertumbuhan diukur sebelum perlakuan dan saat tanaman mencapai fase vegetatif maksimal, sedangkan berat segar dan biomassa diukur setelah panen (umur 5 bulan). Kadar klorofil, pati dan amilosa diukur menggunakan spektrofotometer dan kadar antosianin diukur menggunakan High Performace Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Parameter hasil dan komponen hasil diukur setelah panen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pupuk organik cair (POC) atau asam salisilat dan kombinasi kedua perlakuan dapat meningkatkan jumlah daun, jumlah anakan, berat segar tajuk, biomassa, kadar pati dan kadar antosianin tanaman padi hitam. Perlakuan POC 1,2 ml/L atau 1,8 ml/L dapat meningkatkan berat segar akar, namun perlakuan asam salisilat tidak mempengaruhi berat segar akar. Pupuk organik cair (POC) atau kombinasi POC dan asam salisilat meningkatkan total gabah dan persentase gabah isi, sedangkan panjang malai dan berat 100 gabah isi tidak dipengaruhi oleh perlakuan POC dan atau asam salisilat (ABSTRACT) Black rice ('Cempo Ireng') is one of local genetic resources in Yogyakarta. This type of rice is very potential to be developed because it has high nutrient content with lower calorie than other types of rice and it posseses high anthocyanin. Low productivity and long harvest period causing the black rice is still less attractive for cultivation. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of liquid organic fertilizer and salicylic acid on growth, yield and anthocyanin content of black rice plant (Oryza sativa L. 'Cempo Ireng'). This study was conducted using a factorial randomized block design (RBD). The first factor was a liquid organic fertilizer (POC) (0; 0.6; 1.2 or 1.8 ml/L). The second factor was salicylic acid (0; 0.25; 0.5 or 1 mM), 5 replicated were made for each treatment combination. Growth parameters were measured before treatment and when the plant reaches maximum vegetative phase, while the fresh weight, biomass, yield and yield component were measured at harvest time (5 months). Chlorophyll content, starch and amylose were determined using a spectrophotometer and anthocyanin levels were determined using a High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that the liquid organic fertilizer (POC) or salicylic acid and combination of both treatments increased the number of leaves, number of tillers, canopy fresh weight, biomass, starch, and antocyanin content of black rice plants. Liquid organic fertilizer (POC) treatment of 1.2 ml / L and 1.8 ml / L can increase fresh weight of root, but the salicylic acid treatment did not show any significant difference. Liquid organic fertilizer (POC) or a combination of POC and salicylic acid also increased total grain and percentage of filled grain, while panicle length and weight of 100 grains contents were not affected neither by POC nor salicyclic acid treatment.
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